Understanding OIC
Opioids prescribed for pain relief often cause constipation as a side effect. This is known as opioid-induced constipation, or OIC. It has been shown that most users of opioids will experience OIC.2
OIC is caused by both weak opioids (e.g. tramadol, codeine) and strong opioids (e.g. morphine, oxycodone) to a similar degree.3
Many of the signs and symptoms of OIC are similar to other forms of constipation, however the condition is different in having a distinct identifiable cause. The agonist action of opioids at opioid receptors in the gut causes disturbance in three essential GI functions: a change in gut motility, decreased gut secretion and increased sphincter tone.4,5 The combination of these factors results in OIC.