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Gastrointestinal

Opioid-induced Constipation (OIC)

OIC is a common, yet frequently under-recognised, poorly managed complication of opioid therapy.1

Chronic Anal Fissure (CAF)

An anal fissure is a tear or open sore (ulcer) that develops in the lining of the large intestine, near the anus. It is a common and painful condition which affects around 1 in 10 people.2

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  • References

    1. Farmer A, Drewes A, Chiarioni G, et al. Pathophysiology and management of opioid-induced constipation: European expert consensus statement. United European Gastroenterology Journal. 2019;7(1):7–20.

    2. NHS Anal fissure. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anal-fissure/ Last accessed: July 2022.

    KKI/INT/KKI/0597 November 2023

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M-GRM-HQ-11-24-0006 May 2025